HISTORY OF MIGRATION IN BOLIVIA.
The migratory phenomenon in Bolivia, be it internal or external, is surrounded by intolerable levels of discrimination and exclusion. Internal migration as a mass phenomenon is the result of the 1952 Revolution, when the mass ended up arms without power, but imposing the Nationalization of Mines, especially Universal Voting Reform Agraria. Thousands of Indians and peasants as a result of this historical period are present in cities noticeable and gradual. Thus, the population in 1950 that concentrated 74% in rural areas. A date is totally different since 52% of Bolivia's population is now concentrated in urban centers. Giving evidence to the phenomenon of migration from the countryside to the city in our country.
rural-urban migration, despite the benefits for the urban population, providing cheap labor, servitude, informal trade is a phenomenon tolerable but discrimination and exclusion, for example, by 1930, largely capital cities of Bolivia, is prohibited "Indians" from entering the Plaza Principal. For the decade of 45 indigenous people and peasants were seen as beasts of burden, and bonded labor at low cost. This mentality, although it has changed over recent decades and has accelerated with the rise of an indigenous president of Bolivia. It should be emphasized that much remains to be done to end the prejudice against the men and women in the field. Today
despite advances in the defense of human rights, yet there is no full exercise of the same, with children and young migrants most vulnerable to the sequel to stop migration. To date there is still rural image of man incapable of developing a person of the city by the Castilian language proficiency is more likely to access a source of labor.
The consequences of migration, directly affects the violation of fundamental human rights, economic, social and cultural rights. And this is reflected in the political, religious, environmental, labor, family, economic and cultural. The loss of cultural identity is one of them, despite the recovery process generated by indigenous peoples and peasants, a growing urban sprawl and all the cities, gradually open space to restrictions on health, education, housing, etc. So enter that informal productive as a means of family subsistence, growing insecurity as a result of the absence of alternative economic and social sectors without social or moral future, higher unemployment and increased poverty real. That is, the consequences of an economic model and the impact of global policies, are the economic model that generates more poverty, exclusion and violation of fundamental human rights.
MIGRATION IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CHUQUISACA.
A main feature of migration in our department is extreme poverty, pronounced in rural areas surrounding the municipality of Sucre, which has led to an increase in the population of 120000 inhabitants in 1995 to 247000 inhabitants in 2009.
Regardless, if this migration is familiar (the entire family together to go to the city) or gradually, this social phenomenon led to informal employment and informal trade in the city of Sucre to surpass the consumer demand and exceed the demand for unskilled labor, a relevant aspect that has made the daily wage of labor is very cheap.
Most / as Nanta NNATs attending from these migrant families where there may be dysfunctional one parent and the best of things the parents, ie mother and father who have no education or training to access a good job, let alone can dominate the Castilian language, important to find a source work.
The parents in the absence of a source of employment, or access to a temporary job, children between 7 and 18, constitute the economic engine of the family, soon they will be those who bring money daily for maintenance of household expenditure, expenditure on basic services and other small amount will go to school expenses, clothing and school supplies. But because of overwhelming demand raised living expenses of each family, personal expenses for school, clothing, daily food, transportation, and school children and adolescents are cut by family needs, so their education, health, and feeding of the child spends into the background because they are not considered a priority.
There is a small percentage of these families, less than 30% respecting the income of the / as NNATs and appropriate to their own costs of children and adolescents. But this percentage is very low in relation to the universe of NNATs coming to Nantes and benefit from all programs. The
/ NNATs as coming to Nantes most work to help his family and other economic amount to buy school supplies and clothing, neglecting their health, nutrition, and exercise of their fundamental rights as children and adolescents in the full exercise of these rights. SUMMARY
.
In short when it comes to migration in Bolivia, we speak of the rural population gradually settles in the big cities of Bolivia, by engaging in informal trade and construction work mainly informal. This phenomenon is growing and there is no type of production incentives, economic or reverse these conditions and make the Indians and peasants of our country remain in their home communities.
Therefore this phenomenon is growing and the absence of alternative employment in the city of Sucre, our city becomes a temporary step migration, where the parent of a migrant family has to re-migrate to other cities in Bolivia. Another
destinations of migrants and indigenous farmers are the countries of Argentina, for its proximity to our country. And another much less numerous travels to Spain and the U.S., but these destinations are made more frequently by middle-class families.
MIGRATION IN PAINTING AND DRAWING.
In this blog, the issue of migration presented from the perspective of children and adolescents worker from the countryside to the city, and through his drawings and paintings to express their feelings of how they envision this social phenomenon. So many of the tables contain the landscapes and colors characteristic of the valleys and the Bolivian altiplano, where the boys and girls schematically the move from the countryside to the city, which contrasts with the colors and shapes of the city of Sucre. Education Center
Nanta www.centre-nanta.org
0 comments:
Post a Comment